Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of yellow bone marrow in adult long bones?

Accepted Answer

It stores triglycerides, serving as an energy reserve.

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the bone is affected, and what is its primary structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis; contains a hollow marrow cavity surrounded by compact bone.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the major mineral component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 4

During bone remodeling, which cell type is primarily responsible for breaking down bone matrix and releasing calcium into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 5

A child is diagnosed with a growth plate injury. Which anatomical structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why compact bone is stronger in resisting compression than spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons with concentric lamellae that resist compressive forces.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the periosteum is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a membrane covering the outer surface of bones, rich in blood vessels and nerves.

Question 8

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for bone fractures. Which process is most likely impaired in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Bone deposition by osteoblasts

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are channels that allow neighboring osteocytes to communicate and share nutrients.

Question 10

Which type of bone is the patella classified as, and what is its functional advantage?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone; increases muscle leverage and protects tendons.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the body, beginning with a cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 12

A long bone receives its blood supply primarily from which source?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient arteries entering through the nutrient foramen

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts resorb bone matrix, then osteoblasts deposit new bone.

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass ($$M$$), bone density ($$D$$), and bone volume ($$V$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$M = D 	imes V$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of collagen fibers in the organic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

They provide tensile strength and resist twisting and stretching forces.

Question 16

A patient has a tumor affecting the periosteum of their tibia. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood supply and nerve sensation to the bone.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about osteocytes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes maintain bone tissue and reside in lacunae.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones for metabolism

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is less dense than compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone is composed of a network of trabeculae with spaces for bone marrow.

Question 20

A patient with a vitamin D deficiency is likely to have impaired bone mineralization. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the inorganic matrix

Bones as Organs: Structure, Function, and Formation (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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