Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone secretion

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

The inorganic matrix of bone is mainly composed of which mineral compound?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite $$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3(OH$$)$$

Question 5

Which structure allows blood vessels and nerves to travel through compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Central canal

Question 6

During endochondral ossification, which of the following occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Development of a cartilage model

Question 7

Which hormone increases osteoblast activity and bone deposition during growth spurts in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 8

A deficiency in Vitamin D would most directly impair which process in bone physiology?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of calcium ions from the gut

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Bone is continuously broken down and rebuilt by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in bone repair after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma forms → Fibroblasts and chondroblasts infiltrate → Osteoblasts build bone callus → Bone callus is remodeled

Question 11

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Scapula

Question 12

What is the role of the epiphyseal plate in bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It allows for longitudinal growth of long bones during childhood and adolescence.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why males typically have thicker bones than females?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone increases appositional growth, leading to thicker bones.

Question 14

A patient has low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is released to restore homeostasis, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases bone resorption

Question 15

Which of the following structures is found in spongy bone but NOT in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Trabeculae

Question 16

Which process allows bones to grow in width throughout life?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of an osteon?

Accepted Answer

A cylindrical structure in compact bone containing a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae

Question 18

Which factor does NOT influence bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 19

If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds that of osteoblasts, what is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Bone mass decreases

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback loop for calcium ion homeostasis in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A drop in blood calcium triggers parathyroid hormone release, which increases bone resorption and restores calcium levels.

Bones as Organs: Structure, Growth, and Remodeling

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