Bone mass $$= \text{Matrix} + \text{Mineral content}$$

$$\Delta \text{Ca}^{2+}_{\text{blood}} = \text{PTH} \times \text{Osteoclast activity}$$

Question 1

Which cell type is primarily responsible for breaking down bone matrix during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 2

A patient presents with hypocalcemia. Which hormone will be secreted to increase blood calcium levels, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclast activity to release calcium from bone

Question 3

Which bone is classified as a sesamoid bone and is found within a tendon?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Development of cartilage model, formation of ossification center, invasion of blood vessels, formation of spongy bone

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for the longitudinal growth of long bones, and which hormone primarily stimulates this process?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate; growth hormone

Question 6

A fracture that breaks the skin and exposes bone is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Open fracture

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Question 8

Which anatomical term refers to the big toe?

Accepted Answer

Hallux

Question 9

Which vertebra is most superior in the vertebral column and allows for nodding movements of the head?

Accepted Answer

Atlas (C1)

Question 10

Which structure is found in compact bone and consists of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 11

Which type of cartilage is associated with the rib cage, connecting the ribs to the sternum?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 12

Which bone landmark is a large, rough projection found on the femur and serves as a site for muscle attachment?

Accepted Answer

Greater trochanter

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone mass and mineralization?

Accepted Answer

Bone mass $$= 	ext{Matrix} + 	ext{Mineral content}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone synthesis

Question 15

Which joint type allows for the greatest range of motion and is found in the shoulder and hip?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 16

A patient with Marfan syndrome is likely to have which abnormality related to bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Excessive lengthening of long bones due to abnormal connective tissue

Question 17

Which of the following correctly describes the four steps of fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Formation of hematoma, formation of fibrocartilaginous callus, formation of bony callus, bone remodeling

Question 18

Which equation best represents the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta 	ext{Ca}^{2+}_{	ext{blood}} = 	ext{PTH} 	imes 	ext{Osteoclast activity}$$

Question 19

Which structure connects the two pubic bones in the pelvis and is classified as a cartilaginous joint?

Accepted Answer

Pubic symphysis

Question 20

Which movement describes tilting the head backward to look at something above you?

Accepted Answer

Extension

Bones, Skeleton, and Joints: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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