Q: If the osmotic pressure in a capillary is $$-25\ \text{mmHg}$$ and the hydrostatic pressure on the venous side is $$15\ \text{mmHg}$$, what is the net pressure and what does it indicate?

$$-10\ \text{mmHg}$$; net absorption into the capillary

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why plasma moves from the capillary into the interstitial tissue on the arterial side of a capillary bed?

Accepted Answer

The hydrostatic pressure on the arterial side exceeds the osmotic pressure, resulting in net filtration.

Question 2

A patient has a mutation that prevents the production of transferrin. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of iron from the intestine to the bone marrow for hemoglobin synthesis.

Question 3

Given the following pressures: hydrostatic pressure on the arterial side is $$32\ 	ext{mmHg}$$, osmotic pressure is $$-25\ 	ext{mmHg}$$, what is the net filtration pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$7\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a primary function of platelets in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Plugging small tears in blood vessels to prevent bleeding

Question 5

Why do mature erythrocytes lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To maximize space for hemoglobin and improve oxygen transport efficiency

Question 6

Which hormone is synthesized in the kidneys and stimulates the maturation of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 7

A newborn develops jaundice due to a buildup of bilirubin. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Failure to convert hemoglobin from fetal to adult form, leading to excess destruction of red blood cells.

Question 8

According to Dalton's Law, what is the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air if total atmospheric pressure is $$760\ 	ext{mmHg}$$ and oxygen makes up $$21\% of $$the air?

Accepted Answer

$$160\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of hemoglobin in overcoming the low solubility of oxygen in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin binds oxygen, increasing its transport capacity in blood beyond what can dissolve in plasma.

Question 10

Which of the following equations represents Boyle's Law as applied to the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 11

If the osmotic pressure in a capillary is $$-25\ 	ext{mmHg}$$ and the hydrostatic pressure on the venous side is $$15\ 	ext{mmHg}$$, what is the net pressure and what does it indicate?

Accepted Answer

$$-10\ 	ext{mmHg}$$; net absorption into the capillary

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen as described in the lecture?

Accepted Answer

Production of new red blood cells

Question 13

Which cell type produces mucus in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells

Question 14

Why is increasing surface area in the alveoli important for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

It increases the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the blood.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of iron after red blood cells are destroyed in the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Iron is recycled and transported by transferrin to the bone marrow.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about carbon dioxide in the blood is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide is more soluble in plasma than oxygen.

Question 17

Which process is most directly responsible for the movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis due to higher solute concentration inside the capillary

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between partial pressure and solubility of oxygen in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure can be equal in air and water, but the amount dissolved in water is much less due to low solubility.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the bi-concave shape of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Increased surface area for gas exchange and improved laminar flow through capillaries

Question 20

Which equation best represents the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{carbonic anhydrase}} 	ext{H}_2	ext{CO}_3$$

Capillary Exchange, Blood Composition, and Respiratory Gas Laws: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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