Question 1

Which layer of the heart is primarily responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

A patient presents with a narrowing pulse pressure. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cardiac output

Question 3

Which equation correctly calculates Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DBP + \frac{Pulse\ Pressure}{3}$$

Question 4

During ventricular systole, which event occurs?

Accepted Answer

Ventricles contract and eject blood into the arteries

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Decreases surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 6

A patient with left-sided heart failure is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary congestion and shortness of breath

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct formula for cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 8

Which of the following factors will shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, facilitating oxygen unloading at the tissues?

Accepted Answer

Increased H$$^+$$ concentration (more acidic)

Question 9

A patient is found to have a tension pneumothorax. What is the most immediate threat to their cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Impaired systemic venous return to the heart

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the diaphragm during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Contracts and moves downward, increasing thoracic volume

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cardiac conduction system's Purkinje fibers?

Accepted Answer

Rapidly conduct impulses throughout the ventricles for coordinated contraction

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the alveolocapillary membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary site for gas exchange between air and blood

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the effect of increased blood viscosity on systemic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increases systemic blood pressure by increasing resistance

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of Dalton's Law of Gases?

Accepted Answer

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas.

Question 15

A patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory rate to blow off CO$$_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper airway?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on arterial smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure

Question 18

Which of the following is the primary function of the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Pump deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary circuit

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of bicarbonate (HCO$$_3^-) in $$the blood?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a buffer to maintain blood pH

Question 20

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to have which of the following changes in their blood gases?

Accepted Answer

Increased CO$$_2$$ and decreased O$$_2$$

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems: Structured Study Guide

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