Question 1

Which of the following best explains why blood velocity is lowest in the capillaries, even though individual capillaries have a small diameter?

Accepted Answer

Because the total cross-sectional area of all capillaries combined is much greater than that of the aorta.

Question 2

A patient has a measured blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP) using the formula $$	ext{MAP} = 	ext{Diastolic Pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{Systolic Pressure} - 	ext{Diastolic Pressure})$$?

Accepted Answer

$$110$$ mmHg

Question 3

Which property of arteries allows them to act as a pressure reservoir and maintain blood flow during diastole?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity

Question 4

If the radius of a blood vessel is halved, how does the resistance to blood flow change, according to the formula $$R \propto \frac{1}{r^4$}$$?

Accepted Answer

Resistance increases by a factor of 16.

Question 5

During exercise, blood flow is diverted from the digestive system to the skeletal muscles. Which vessel type is primarily responsible for this redistribution?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 6

A patient’s cardiac output increases while their peripheral resistance remains constant. What happens to their mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

MAP increases

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between flow rate and flow velocity in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Flow rate is the volume of blood passing a point per unit time, while flow velocity is the distance a blood particle travels per unit time.

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the elastic recoil (snapback) of arteries after ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Blood continues to flow forward during diastole without requiring additional ATP.

Question 9

If a patient’s blood pressure is measured using a manual cuff and stethoscope, what does the first Korotkoff sound indicate?

Accepted Answer

The systolic pressure, when blood just begins to flow through the artery.

Question 10

Which vessel type has the thinnest walls and is specialized for exchange of gases and nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 11

A person has a cardiac output of $$5 L/$$min and a total peripheral resistance of $$18$$ mmHg·min/L. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP) using the formula $$	ext{MAP} = 	ext{CO} 	imes 	ext{TPR}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$90$$ mmHg

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why veins are able to serve as blood reservoirs in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are more expandable and less elastic than arteries.

Question 13

If the flow rate through a vessel is $$100 mL/$$min and the cross-sectional area is $$10 cm$^2$$, what is the flow velocity?

Accepted Answer

$$10$$ 	ext{ mL/min/cm}^2$

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in an increased systolic blood pressure reading at rest?

Accepted Answer

A buildup of plaques in the arteries increasing resistance.

Question 15

Why is it advantageous for the body to slow down blood flow in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

To allow sufficient time for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.

Question 16

Which tissue type is present in both arteries and veins, but is most prominent in arteries due to their need to withstand high pressure?

Accepted Answer

Elastic tissue

Question 17

If the pressure at one end of a vessel is $$100$$ mmHg and at the other end is $$75$$ mmHg, what is the pressure gradient driving blood flow?

Accepted Answer

$$25$$ mmHg

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of smooth muscle in arterioles?

Accepted Answer

It allows arterioles to constrict or dilate, regulating blood flow to specific tissues.

Question 19

What is the physiological significance of the dicrotic notch observed in arterial pressure tracings?

Accepted Answer

It represents the brief backflow of blood that closes the semilunar valves.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance is correct?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Flow} = \frac{	ext{Pressure difference}}{	ext{Resistance}}$$

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드