Q: A patient has a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 93 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg. What is the patient’s pulse pressure?

$$\text{Pulse pressure} = \text{Systolic pressure} - \text{Diastolic pressure}$$, so $$\text{Systolic pressure} = \frac{\text{MAP} - \text{Diastolic pressure}}{0.33} + \text{Diastolic pressure} = \frac{93 - 80}{0.33} + 80 = 119.4 mm Hg$$; $$\text{Pulse pressure} = 119.4 - 80 = 39.4 mm Hg$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

$$\text{MAP} = \text{Diastolic pressure} + 0.33 \times (\text{Pulse pressure})$$

Q: A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

$$\text{MAP} = 80 + 0.33 \times (120 - 80) = 80 + 0.33 \times 40 = 80 + 13.2 = 93.2 mm Hg$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of arterioles in regulating blood pressure and flow?

Accepted Answer

They regulate resistance through vasoconstriction and vasodilation, thus controlling blood flow into capillaries.

Question 2

A patient has a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 93 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg. What is the patient’s pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pulse pressure} = 	ext{Systolic pressure} - 	ext{Diastolic pressure}$$, so $$	ext{Systolic pressure} = \frac{	ext{MAP} - 	ext{Diastolic pressure}}{0.33} + 	ext{Diastolic pressure} = \frac{93 - 80}{0.33} + 80 = 119.4 mm Hg$$; $$	ext{Pulse pressure} = 119.4 - 80 = 39.4 mm Hg$$

Question 3

Which structural feature is ALWAYS present in all blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Endothelium and basement membrane (tunica intima)

Question 4

A patient is experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following best explains the physiological basis for their low blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate blood volume, so vessels do not fill and blood does not circulate normally

Question 5

Which of the following mechanisms would most likely increase blood flow velocity in a vessel?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing resistance by increasing vessel diameter

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MAP} = 	ext{Diastolic pressure} + 0.33 	imes (	ext{Pulse pressure})$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why veins are able to serve as blood reservoirs?

Accepted Answer

They have thin walls and large lumens, allowing them to hold more blood at lower pressure.

Question 8

A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MAP} = 80 + 0.33 	imes (120 - 80) = 80 + 0.33 	imes 40 = 80 + 13.2 = 93.2 mm Hg$$

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely result from a loss of elastic fibers in the tunica media of arteries?

Accepted Answer

Decreased arterial recoil, leading to higher systolic pressures and less dampening of pulse pressure

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Serve as the main site of blood pressure regulation

Question 11

Which of the following would most likely increase systemic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased total blood volume

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of valves in veins?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood, especially in the limbs.

Question 13

A patient has a decrease in blood viscosity. What effect would this have on blood flow and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow would increase and blood pressure would decrease.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Heart → lungs → heart

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely occur if the precapillary sphincters in a tissue are relaxed?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow to the capillary bed would increase.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why blood velocity is lowest in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries have the highest total cross-sectional area.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the hepatic portal circulation?

Accepted Answer

It carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely result from increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart and blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate, increased cardiac output, and vasoconstriction

Question 19

Which of the following is the best location to palpate a pulse in an emergency when the patient is in shock?

Accepted Answer

Femoral artery

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Hemodynamics, and Circulation

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