Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids that move laterally within a double layer of phospholipids.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Binding specific molecules to initiate cellular responses

Question 6

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and swell.

Question 7

Which equation best represents the process of osmosis across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J_{water} = L_p (\Delta \pi)$$

Question 8

Which statement correctly compares transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

Transcription synthesizes mRNA from DNA, while translation synthesizes protein from mRNA.

Question 9

A mutation disrupts the function of channel proteins in the plasma membrane. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of ions

Question 10

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from another molecule moving down its gradient.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 12

What is the main function of structural proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

To provide mechanical support and maintain cell shape

Question 13

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{A}{V} = \frac{3}{r}$$

Question 14

During mitosis, which structure ensures that chromosomes are properly separated into daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Spindle fibers

Question 15

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA is undamaged before replication?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 16

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

It restricts movement based on size, charge, and solubility of molecules.

Question 18

Which process directly uses the equation $$DNA \rightarrow mRNA$$?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 19

A cell lacking ribosomes would be unable to perform which function?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a muscle cell via GLUT transporters

Cell Biology: Structure and Function of Cells (BIO 107, Chapter 3)

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