Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmolarity for a solution containing 1 mM NaCl?

$$Osmolarity = 1\,mM \times 2 = 2\,mOsm$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic phospholipid bilayer with proteins and other molecules floating and moving within it.

Question 2

What is the primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

To stabilize the membrane and regulate its fluidity.

Question 3

Which type of membrane junction is most important in preventing the passage of molecules between adjacent cells in the lining of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 4

A red blood cell (RBC) with an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm is placed in a solution containing 300 mOsm NaCl and 60 mOsm urea. What will happen to the RBC after equilibrium is reached, considering the cell is permeable to urea but not NaCl?

Accepted Answer

The RBC will swell and eventually lyse due to water influx.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 6

Which of the following molecules can most easily cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 7

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that facilitated diffusion:

Accepted Answer

Uses carrier or channel proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmolarity for a solution containing 1 mM NaCl?

Accepted Answer

$$Osmolarity = 1\,mM 	imes 2 = 2\,mOsm$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Direct use of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 10

The Na$$^+/K$^+$$ ATPase pump is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Antiport

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the secretion of neurotransmitters from a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of channel-mediated facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It can be inhibited and shows saturation.

Question 14

A patient with severe dehydration is given a hypotonic intravenous solution. What is the expected effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The RBCs will swell as water enters the cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A selective process where cells internalize specific molecules bound to receptors.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

They anchor cells together to resist mechanical stress.

Question 17

Which of the following is a difference between passive and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves substances down their gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Providing a 'sugar coating' for cell recognition and protection.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes filtration across a capillary wall in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Solutes are forced through the membrane by hydrostatic pressure.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It couples the movement of one solute down its gradient to move another solute against its gradient.

Cell Membrane Structure and Transport Processes – ANP1105 Study Notes

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