Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It forms a selective boundary, regulates transport, and facilitates cell communication.

Question 2

What is the primary structural component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

A cell is observed to have an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and modification of proteins for secretion

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why human cell size is limited?

Accepted Answer

Surface area to volume ratio limits efficient exchange of materials.

Question 6

Which of the following is found in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Fluid between cells in tissues (interstitial fluid)

Question 7

A patient’s cells are unable to distinguish self from non-self, leading to autoimmune reactions. Which plasma membrane component is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx

Question 8

Which process describes the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 9

What is the main function of channel proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

To allow passage of water and hydrophilic solutes

Question 10

Which organelle is most abundant in liver cells due to its role in detoxification?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 11

A cell is observed engulfing bacteria by extending pseudopods. Which process is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Completes protein and glycoprotein synthesis and packages them for secretion

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) $$for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes ATP for the cell

Question 15

Which type of cell junction allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 16

A cell is observed to have many microvilli on its surface. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 17

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is involved in energy production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 19

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Selective uptake of specific molecules via receptor binding

Question 20

Which plasma membrane component is most responsible for maintaining membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Cell Structure and Function: An Overview for Anatomy & Physiology

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