Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, allowing certain molecules to pass while restricting others.

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells will remain unchanged because there is no net movement of water.

Question 3

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

During protein synthesis, what is the correct sequence of events from DNA to protein?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ Translation $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for oxidative catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 9

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

During mitosis, which stage is defined by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

A mutation prevents the formation of aquaporins in a cell membrane. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis of water

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 13

Which cellular extension is responsible for moving mucus along the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 14

What is the driving force for osmosis across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure

Question 15

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes consist of DNA and associated proteins that condense during cell division.

Question 16

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA is properly replicated before cell division?

Accepted Answer

G$$_2$$ checkpoint

Question 17

A cell is unable to pass the cell cycle checkpoints and cannot be repaired. What process will it likely undergo?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 19

Which type of membrane protein spans the entire plasma membrane and is involved in transport?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins

Question 20

If a cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP production, which transport process will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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