Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic, fluid structure with proteins and lipids able to move laterally within the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water will move out of the cell to the area of higher solute concentration.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell.

Question 4

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will swell and may burst due to water entering the cells.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is considered an example of primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP directly to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about membrane proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins are embedded within the membrane and can act as channels or carriers.

Question 7

A cell is actively transporting glucose into its cytoplasm against its concentration gradient. Which process is most likely being used?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport using a sodium-glucose symporter

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for producing the majority of ATP in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to release its contents outside the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship for osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$according to van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional peroxisomes. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2})$$

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the resting membrane potential of a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is more negative than the outside.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is necessary for glucose transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large, polar molecule that requires a carrier protein to cross the membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for export

Question 15

A scientist observes that a cell is able to maintain a higher concentration of potassium ions ($$\mathrm{K^+}) $$inside than outside. Which membrane protein is primarily responsible for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium ATPase pump

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and enables movement of organelles.

Question 17

Which of the following processes requires the direct expenditure of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 18

A cell is observed to engulf a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane and forming a vesicle. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer forms the basic structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form a bilayer with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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