Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may undergo lysis as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP, the cell’s main energy currency?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

During facilitated diffusion, which of the following is true regarding the movement of glucose across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose moves down its concentration gradient through a carrier protein without using ATP.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) of a $$solution, where $$C is $$the molar concentration, $$R is $$the gas constant, and $$T is $$the temperature in Kelvin?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 6

A nerve cell uses the Na$$^+-K$^+$$ ATPase pump to maintain its resting membrane potential. For each ATP molecule hydrolyzed, how many Na$$^+$$ ions are pumped out and how many K$$^+$$ ions are pumped in?

Accepted Answer

3 Na$$^+$$ out, 2 K$$^+ in$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid-soluble and nonpolar.

Question 8

Which cell junction allows the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells, facilitating electrical signaling in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytoplasm. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink.

Question 10

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for breaking down cellular debris and pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 11

Which process requires cellular energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus in a typical cell?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP for cellular energy

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell uses specific membrane receptors to selectively internalize molecules.

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between diffusion rate ($$J$$), surface area ($$A$$), concentration difference ($$\Delta C$$), and membrane thickness ($$d$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$J = \dfrac{A \Delta C}{d}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of hyperplasia maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow increasing red blood cell production after blood loss

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells for growth and repair; meiosis occurs in gametes for sexual reproduction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of microvilli on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 19

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Nurs 1002-Obj #3

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