Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a dynamic structure consisting of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and carbohydrates that can move laterally.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solute than inside the cell. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which type of membrane protein is primarily responsible for transporting specific molecules across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are either secreted from the cell or incorporated into the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 5

If a cell is actively transporting sodium ions out and potassium ions in, which process is being utilized and what is the energy source?

Accepted Answer

Active transport (sodium-potassium pump); ATP

Question 6

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between osmotic pressure ($$\Pi$$), solute concentration ($$C$$), gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 8

A cell membrane is described as 'selectively permeable.' What does this mean in terms of molecular movement?

Accepted Answer

The membrane allows only certain molecules to pass while restricting others based on size, charge, or polarity.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export

Question 10

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for the assembly of ribosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following processes requires energy input in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient using carrier proteins without energy input.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for cell movement and muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water, while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the net movement of water during osmosis across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = L_p (\Delta P - \Delta \Pi)$$

Cell Structure and Membrane Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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