Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins

Question 4

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution with higher osmolarity than its cytoplasm. What term best describes this solution, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and organizing organelles?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 8

During osmosis, water moves across a semipermeable membrane. Which equation best describes the net movement of water ($$J) in $$terms of osmotic pressure difference ($$\Delta \pi) $$and membrane permeability ($$P$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$J = P \Delta \pi$$

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined for secretion or for use in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged

Question 11

Which process involves the movement of large particles into the cell via vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal component is composed of actin and is involved in cell movement and shape changes?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 14

Which organelle modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which equation best represents the calculation of osmolarity ($$O) $$for a solution containing $$n$$ solute particles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$$O = \frac{n}{V}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

A cell in a hypertonic solution will experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 19

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal element is most important for resisting mechanical stress and maintaining cell integrity?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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