Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of water during osmosis?

$$\text{Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst as water enters by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information.

Question 4

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which term best describes this solution, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and other molecules that can move laterally within the layer.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a membrane protein, without energy input.

Question 9

A drug that blocks sodium channels in the plasma membrane would most directly interfere with which process?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of sodium ions

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads face both the extracellular fluid and the cytosol, while the hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and maintains its fluidity.

Question 12

A cell is actively transporting potassium ions ($$K^+) $$into the cytoplasm against their concentration gradient. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{in}}{[K^+]_{out}} \right)$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a membrane protein, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cells must regulate the movement of substances across their plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

To maintain homeostasis by controlling the internal environment.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a real-life application of membrane receptors in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Designing drugs that bind to membrane receptors to block pain signals.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water molecules from low to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 17

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same as water moves in and out at equal rates.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores genetic information and controls cellular activities.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive transport processes?

Accepted Answer

They move substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to lack aquaporins in its plasma membrane. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis of water

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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