Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable boundary that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which process requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

During facilitated diffusion, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Protein channels assist substances in moving down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ATP, the cell’s main energy molecule?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta G^\circ + RT \ln \dfrac{[Na^+]_{out}}{[Na^+]_{in}}$$

Question 7

Which statement about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating RNA.

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a form of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport pumps

Question 11

Which organelle contains chromatin and is considered the 'brain' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 12

Which process involves the cell membrane engulfing large solid particles, such as bacteria, into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is considered passive transport?

Accepted Answer

It requires protein channels but does not require energy input.

Question 14

Which equation best describes the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \dfrac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 15

Which statement about mitochondria is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in protein synthesis.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using ATP; passive transport moves substances down the gradient without energy.

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and shipping proteins and lipids within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for ribosome formation.

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that blocks all protein channels in its membrane. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of glucose

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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