Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a gene and a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a distinct unit of information located on a chromosome.

Question 2

During protein synthesis, which process directly produces mRNA from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 3

Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 4

If a DNA strand has the sequence $$5'-ATCGGTA-3'$$, what is the complementary DNA strand sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$3'-TAGCCAT-5'$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Ribose sugar

Question 6

What is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Protein folding

Question 7

Which type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 8

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$5'-GAA-3' to$$ $$5'-GAG-3'. $$What effect will this have on the mRNA codon and the resulting amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA codon changes, but the amino acid remains the same due to redundancy in the genetic code.

Question 9

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

During mitosis, what ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Alignment and separation of sister chromatids during metaphase and anaphase

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells (RBCs) do not contain DNA?

Accepted Answer

RBCs lose their nucleus during maturation, eliminating their DNA.

Question 12

Which of the following base pairings is correct according to the rules of complementarity in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 13

Which statement about the genetic code is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal among almost all organisms.

Question 14

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It forms the primary structure of ribosomes and catalyzes translation.

Question 15

A cell is observed to spend most of its life in a phase where it grows and carries out normal functions but does not divide. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells

Question 17

If a DNA template strand reads $$3'-TACGGTACG-5'$$, what is the sequence of the mRNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-AUGCCAUGC-3'$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of histone proteins in chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They help package and organize DNA within the nucleus.

Question 19

A patient’s cells are unable to properly fold newly synthesized polypeptides. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Cell Structure, DNA Synthesis, and the Cell Cycle: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology (BIOL 1XX)

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