Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ mol/L

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a defect in the sodium-potassium pump. Which type of membrane transport is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 3

Which chemical element makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a life process required for something to be considered living?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ mol/L

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to surround and separate ions and polar molecules.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP, the main energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

During vigorous exercise, lactic acid builds up in muscle tissue. What effect does this have on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood pH, making it more acidic.

Question 9

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of connective tissue compared to epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue contains abundant extracellular matrix.

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 11

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in maintaining homeostasis in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

Buffers minimize changes in pH by absorbing excess H$$^+ or OH$^-$$ ions.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Covering and protecting exposed surfaces

Question 14

A cell in the lining of the small intestine is replaced every 1-2 days. What is the term for programmed cell death that allows for this turnover?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The copying of DNA code into mRNA in the nucleus

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the structure of the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads face both the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm, while the hydrophobic tails face each other.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport into muscle cells via GLUT transporters

Question 18

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Question 19

A patient with compartment syndrome has increased interstitial fluid in a limb. What is the most direct consequence for the cells in that area?

Accepted Answer

Increased distance for nutrient and gas exchange, leading to metabolic stress

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the hierarchical levels of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

Cell Structure, Function, and Chemical Elements in Anatomy & Physiology

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