Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Produces ATP, providing cellular energy

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with an extensive network of microtubules. Which function is most likely enhanced in this cell due to the presence of microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and intracellular transport

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells are disc-shaped?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for gas exchange and facilitate transport

Question 4

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water influx

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins and lipids within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. Which term best describes this solution, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

Cell adhesion, communication, and tissue formation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low to high solute concentration through aquaporins

Question 10

A mutation in a tumor suppressor gene is most likely to result in which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division and potential tumor formation

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = MRT$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Maintains membrane fluidity

Question 13

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out of the cytoplasm against their concentration gradient. Which of the following is required for this process?

Accepted Answer

ATP and a membrane pump protein

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct match between a cytoskeletal component and its function?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments: Provide mechanical strength

Question 15

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 16

A researcher observes that a cell is engulfing large particles by wrapping its membrane around them and forming vesicles. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lysosomes are important for cellular health?

Accepted Answer

They break down waste and cellular debris

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor. Which characteristic distinguishes malignant tumors from benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors divide rapidly and may metastasize

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Involved in cell recognition and immunity

Question 20

A cell is unable to complete cytokinesis after mitosis. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

One cell with two nuclei

Cell Structure, Function, and Division: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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