Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water moves out of the cells into the extracellular fluid.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

Which type of cell junction allows the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells, facilitating electrical signaling in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 5

Facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Carrier or channel proteins to assist the movement of hydrophilic molecules down their concentration gradient

Question 6

The Na+-K+ pump is an example of which type of membrane transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport, using ATP to move 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ into the cell

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$exerted by a solution, according to van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iCRT$$

Question 8

During mitosis, which phase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equatorial plane?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution with lower osmolality than its cytoplasm. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It contains the genetic blueprint for protein synthesis and regulates cellular activities.

Question 11

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles, such as bacteria, by a cell using extensions of its plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export

Question 13

Which of the following statements about cell metabolism and homeostasis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cell metabolism maintains homeostasis by regulating energy production and usage.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient of one molecule to drive the transport of another molecule against its gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells expel substances enclosed in vesicles to the extracellular space.

Question 16

Which of the following cell types is anucleate (lacks a nucleus)?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer is effective as a barrier for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Its hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails create a selectively permeable membrane that restricts passage of most water-soluble substances.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of microvilli on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique gametes.

Cell Structure, Function, and Transport Mechanisms in Anatomy & Physiology

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