Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It selectively regulates the entry and exit of substances, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 2

A patient with cystic fibrosis has a genetic mutation affecting the plasma membrane's transport proteins. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of a typical cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the difference between active and passive transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 7

Which of the following cell junctions allows direct communication between adjacent cells for coordinated contractions, such as in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 8

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 9

A mutation in the gene coding for cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) can lead to uncontrolled cell division. Which disease is most likely associated with this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The process where a gene's DNA sequence is copied into mRNA.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Question 12

A cell is observed to have condensed chromosomes visible and the nuclear envelope dissolving. Which phase of cell division is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins, which can be free or attached to the rough ER.

Question 14

Which of the following is a passive process of movement across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

A scientist is studying a cell with many smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of molecules during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{high} \rightarrow C_{low}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It adds fluidity and stability to the membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 19

A cell is observed to have many microvilli. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between codon and anticodon during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that pairs with a complementary anticodon on tRNA.

Cell Structure, Membrane, and Cell Division: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드