Q: Which equation best represents the concentration gradient for passive transport?

$$ \text{Passive \ transport} : \text{High \ concentration} \rightarrow \text{Low \ concentration} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the plasma membrane of a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins arranged as a fluid mosaic

Question 2

Which cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 3

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly burst (lyse)

Question 4

Which of the following is the most abundant extracellular material in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ Water \ moves \ from \ an \ area \ of \ low \ solute \ concentration \ to \ high \ solute \ concentration $$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about passive membrane transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move ions across the plasma membrane. For each molecule of ATP, how many sodium ions are pumped out and how many potassium ions are pumped in?

Accepted Answer

$$ 3 \ Na^+ \ out, \ 2 \ K^+ \ in $$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol molecules in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize membrane fluidity and structure

Question 9

Which transport process involves the formation of pseudopods to engulf large particles?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the resting membrane potential of a typical skeletal muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasmic side of the membrane is negative relative to the extracellular side

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Transporting ions across the membrane

Question 12

Which equation best represents the concentration gradient for passive transport?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Passive \ transport} : 	ext{High \ concentration} ightarrow 	ext{Low \ concentration} $$

Question 13

Which of the following substances is most likely to cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen molecules

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the release of a hormone from a cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient using transport proteins

Question 16

Which cell adhesion molecule is most directly involved in immune cell recognition and response?

Accepted Answer

Selectins

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP directly to move substances against their concentration gradient

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid movement of water across the plasma membrane

Question 19

Which process involves the nonselective sampling of extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following is a major cation in the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

$$ Na^+ $$

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Cell Communication: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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