Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane as illustrated by the fluid mosaic model?

Accepted Answer

It is a dynamic structure composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that selectively regulates the passage of materials and maintains distinct internal and external environments.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell’s cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in a cell, and what process does it use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water moves from compartment A to compartment B during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves toward the compartment with higher solute concentration to eliminate the concentration difference.

Question 5

The Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase pump is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Which of the following is NOT a function of this pump?

Accepted Answer

Directly synthesizing proteins from amino acids

Question 6

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy input from ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of ribosomes. Which cellular process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis (translation)

Question 8

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to transport substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 9

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of telomeres in cell division?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the number of cell divisions by shortening with each division, eventually signaling the cell to stop dividing.

Question 11

A patient is experiencing excessive vomiting and sweating, leading to significant water loss from the extracellular compartment. What is the most likely effect on the tonicity of the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

ECF becomes hypertonic; water moves out of cells.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which process describes the movement of large macromolecules into the cell via vesicle formation?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is typically around $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$ and is due to the unequal distribution of ions across the membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells are considered 'immortal'?

Accepted Answer

They resist apoptotic signals and do not require growth factors to divide.

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They arrange themselves with hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment and hydrophobic tails facing inward, creating a selective barrier.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the energy stored in an ion gradient created by primary active transport to move another substance.

Question 18

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is involved in both glucose and fatty acid oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

Which of the following statements about stem cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are generally unspecialized and can give rise to both specialized cells and new stem cells.

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Cellular Function in Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드