Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why model organisms such as yeast are used to study cell biology?

Accepted Answer

Model organisms reproduce rapidly and are easier to manipulate genetically, allowing for controlled experiments on fundamental biological processes.

Question 2

Which feature is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall (extracellular matrix in plants)

Question 3

All living cells share which of the following fundamental properties?

Accepted Answer

They use the same 20 amino acids to build proteins.

Question 4

A scientist wants to observe the movement of a specific protein within a living cell over time. Which microscopy technique and labeling method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence microscopy with a GFP-tagged protein

Question 5

Which process describes the flow of genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA synthesis $$\rightarrow$$ RNA synthesis $$\rightarrow$$ Protein synthesis

Question 6

Why is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) useful for live-cell imaging?

Accepted Answer

GFP emits fluorescence when exposed to specific wavelengths, allowing visualization of tagged proteins in living cells.

Question 7

A researcher wants to determine in which cell type a particular protein is expressed. Which genetic engineering strategy should they use?

Accepted Answer

Fuse GFP to a cell-type specific promoter to drive expression in the desired cell type.

Question 8

Which of the following is a limitation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) compared to fluorescence microscopy?

Accepted Answer

TEM requires sectioning and can only be used on fixed (dead) cells.

Question 9

If a scientist wants to visualize the surface structure of a cell, which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of RNA in cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA can have catalytic activities and form complexes with proteins to provide specialized functions.

Question 11

A mutation in a yeast cell causes it to divide uncontrollably at high temperatures but not at low temperatures. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Temperature-sensitive mutation

Question 12

Why is it significant that the human CDC2 protein can function in yeast cells?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrates that cell division proteins are highly conserved across species.

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{transcription}} 	ext{RNA}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world application of using fluorescent proteins in biomedical research?

Accepted Answer

Testing the efficacy of potential drugs by observing protein localization changes in live cells.

Question 15

A scientist wants to study the turnover rate of a protein in living cells. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence microscopy with a GFP-tagged version of the protein

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the scale of cellular structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cells are typically visible to the naked eye, while organelles and molecules require microscopes to be seen.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a reason why model organisms are preferred for laboratory studies?

Accepted Answer

They have more complex genomes than humans.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the use of a GFP-protein fusion in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

It allows researchers to examine the localization of a particular protein within a cell.

Question 19

Which of the following is a disadvantage of fluorescence microscopy?

Accepted Answer

The fluorescent signal can be difficult to visualize and may fade over time.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viruses co-opt cellular machinery to produce more viruses.

Cells and Microscopy: Foundations of Cell Biology for Anatomy & Physiology

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