Q: Which equation correctly expresses osmolarity?

$$\text{Osmolarity} = \frac{\text{Total moles of solute particles}}{\text{Volume of solution (L)}}$$

Question 1

Which statement best summarizes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made of one or more cells, and cells arise only from other cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered an extracellular material?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol

Question 3

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their red blood cells. What is the most likely effect on the cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 4

Which equation correctly expresses osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Osmolarity} = \frac{	ext{Total moles of solute particles}}{	ext{Volume of solution (L)}}$$

Question 5

Which type of cell junction prevents molecules from passing between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic model' of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids that move freely within the bilayer.

Question 7

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production via aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which type of solution is it most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 10

Which process requires energy directly from ATP hydrolysis to move ions against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Serves as a biological marker for cell-to-cell recognition

Question 12

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is involved in breaking down cellular debris?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 13

What is the main difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is uncondensed DNA and proteins, while chromosomes are condensed forms visible during cell division.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 16

Which cellular structure is responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

Anchor cells to extracellular matrix or to each other

Question 18

Which process is described as 'self-eating' and is responsible for disposing of nonfunctional organelles?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for lengthening telomeres and is found in germ cells and cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Telomerase

Question 20

During translation, which molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Cells: The Living Unit – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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