Question 1

During which subphase of interphase does DNA replication occur, and what is the significance of this process for cell division?

Accepted Answer

S phase; it duplicates the genetic material so each daughter cell receives a complete set of DNA.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Question 3

A cell that has permanently ceased dividing is said to be in which phase?

Accepted Answer

G\_0 phase

Question 4

Which stage of mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives a full copy of replicated DNA?

Accepted Answer

All four stages (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) together

Question 5

What is the role of the replication fork during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It is the point where the two DNA strands separate for replication.

Question 6

Which type of RNA carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 7

What is the function of spliceosomes during mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

They remove introns from pre-mRNA, leaving only coding exons.

Question 8

If a gene contains the DNA triplet sequence GGC, what amino acid will be coded for after transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

Proline

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

There are 64 possible codons and only 20 amino acids, resulting in redundancy.

Question 10

During translation, what is the role of the tRNA anticodon?

Accepted Answer

It pairs with the mRNA codon to ensure the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain.

Question 11

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for preparing the cell for division by synthesizing proteins and organelles?

Accepted Answer

G\_1 phase

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of events in translation?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 13

A mutation changes a DNA triplet from GCC to GGC. What is the likely effect on the protein produced?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid sequence may change, potentially altering protein function.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why redundancy in the genetic code is beneficial?

Accepted Answer

It helps protect against transcription errors by allowing some mutations to be silent.

Question 15

Which process involves RNA polymerase separating DNA strands and synthesizing a complementary mRNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 16

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It forms the structural and enzymatic components of the ribosome.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for translation to occur?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 18

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 19

Which event marks the end of translation?

Accepted Answer

A stop codon enters the A site, and a release factor binds, causing the polypeptide to be released.

Question 20

If a cell is unable to form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will have two nuclei but remain as one cell (binucleate).

Cells: The Living Units – Cell Cycle and DNA Replication

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