Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cell structure and function according to cell theory?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a cell determines its biochemical functions.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a flexible outer boundary, intracellular fluid containing organelles, and a DNA-containing control center. Which three basic parts of a human cell is the scientist observing?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 3

Which component of the plasma membrane increases its stability and is present at about 20% of the membrane's lipid content?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 4

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What will happen to their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar and lipid-soluble.

Question 6

Which type of cell junction would you expect to find in tissues that experience a lot of mechanical stress, such as the skin or heart muscle?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a specific biological marker for cell-to-cell recognition

Question 9

Which process requires ATP to move solutes against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

A cell uses a protein carrier to move glucose down its concentration gradient into the cell. Which type of membrane transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It pumps 3 Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ into the cell using ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is transported into the cell by coupling its movement to Na$$^+$$ moving down its gradient.

Question 13

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by extending pseudopods around it and enclosing it in a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Solute particles displace water molecules, lowering water concentration.

Question 15

Which type of membrane protein is most likely responsible for allowing ions to pass rapidly between adjacent cardiac muscle cells, enabling synchronized contraction?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 16

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP production. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 17

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Specific molecules bind to receptors on the cell surface and are then internalized in vesicles.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between solute concentration and water concentration in osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{water} \propto \frac{1}{C_{solute}}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function performed by membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 20

A cell in the small intestine absorbs nutrients by engulfing droplets of extracellular fluid. Which process is this?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Cells: The Living Units – Chapter 3, Part 1: Cells and Membranes

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