$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

According to the cell theory, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the function of ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins and lipids

Question 5

Which type of cell junction prevents the passage of materials between adjacent cells, forming a barrier?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 6

A scientist observes a cell with many microvilli on its surface. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for organizing microtubules during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centriole

Question 9

A mutation causes the plasma membrane to lose its selective permeability. Which consequence is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 10

Which of the following best describes passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input

Question 11

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down cellular waste?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 13

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is its likely function?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 15

Which cellular projection is responsible for moving mucus along the surface of respiratory epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 16

Which of the following equations represents the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta \Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p $$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for sorting and shipping proteins to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between vesicles and vacuoles?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles are generally smaller and used for transport; vacuoles are larger and used for storage.

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the function of its centrioles. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division

Cells: The Living Units – Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology

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