Question 1

Which statement best describes the principle of complementarity of structure and function in cell theory?

Accepted Answer

The biochemical activities of cells are dictated by cellular shape and sub-cellular structure.

Question 2

Why are phospholipids, rather than triglycerides, used to form the cell membrane bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends, enabling the formation of a selective barrier.

Question 3

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 4

Which type of cell junction is most important in preventing the leakage of extracellular fluid between epithelial cells in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 5

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which type of membrane transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the osmolarity of a solution containing 1 M NaCl dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

$$Osmolarity = 2\,M$$

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of steroid-based hormones in the testes?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

A mutation disrupts the function of desmosomes in skin cells. What clinical condition is most likely to result?

Accepted Answer

Painful erosions and blistering of the skin, as seen in Hailey-Hailey disease

Question 9

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 10

What is the main function of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Allow water to move rapidly across the membrane

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell

Question 12

During osmosis, water moves across a semipermeable membrane from:

Accepted Answer

An area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 13

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is responsible for producing most of the cell’s ATP via aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Determining cell shape and distribution of organelles

Question 16

Which process involves the movement of large particles into the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 17

Which equation best represents the net movement of potassium ions ($$K^+) $$during the establishment of the resting membrane potential in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$K^+$$ moves out of the cell until the membrane potential reaches -90\,mV$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Site of protein synthesis

Question 19

Which type of membrane transport is used by glucose to enter most cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins

Question 20

Which process is responsible for transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Cells: The Living Units – Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드