Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to pass while restricting others, thus maintaining concentration gradients.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will shrink as water moves out of the cells into the extracellular fluid.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between total body water, intracellular fluid (ICF), and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\ Body\ Water = ICF + ECF$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA within the nucleus.

Question 5

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to transport larger or charged molecules across the membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why glucose cannot freely cross the phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large polar molecule and requires a specific carrier protein for transport.

Question 7

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 8

Which type of membrane protein is responsible for binding to chemical messengers and triggering a response inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Receptor proteins

Question 9

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the passive movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous compartments and hydrophobic tails facing each other.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the distribution of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

About 2/3 of total body water is intracellular fluid and 1/3 is extracellular fluid.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering muscle cells via GLUT transporters after a meal.

Question 13

Which formula best represents the movement of solutes during simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 14

Which of the following membrane proteins is most likely to be involved in the rapid transmission of nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated ion channels

Question 15

A cell is exposed to a solution with equal concentrations of solutes inside and outside. What is the tonicity of the solution, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The solution is isotonic; the cell will maintain its normal shape.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the rapid movement of water across the membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of placing a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and holding organelles in place.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between interstitial fluid and blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid is found between cells, while blood plasma is the fluid component of blood.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the movement of ions across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Ions move through specific channel proteins, which may be gated by chemical, electrical, or mechanical signals.

Cellular and Body Fluid Compartments in Human Physiology

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