Question 1

Which of the following best describes the movement of water during osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and swell, possibly lysing.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane?

Accepted Answer

They are structural isomers, having the same chemical formula but different connectivity.

Question 4

Which of the following polysaccharides contains β-1,4 glycosidic bonds and is found in the cell walls of plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the dehydration synthesis reaction for forming a triglyceride from glycerol and three fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glycerol} + 3\ \mathrm{Fatty\ Acids} \rightarrow \mathrm{Triglyceride} + 3\ \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about cis and trans fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Question 8

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which of the following best explains what is happening at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

Water leaves the cells, causing them to shrink.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 10

Which of the following is an essential amino acid that must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Question 11

Which of the following nucleic acids carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze the β-1,4 glycosidic link.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the energy provided by carbohydrates per gram?

Accepted Answer

$$4\ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes than the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a steroid derived from cholesterol and functions as a hormone regulating blood sodium levels?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits into a functional protein.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a polar head and two non-polar tails.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation is the loss of secondary, tertiary, and/or quaternary structure due to factors like temperature or pH.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a monosaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glucose: primary energy source for humans

Cellular Chemistry and Biomolecules: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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