$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates substrate-level phosphorylation during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ADP + Pi \rightarrow ATP$$

Question 2

In which cellular process does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

Question 3

A typical adult human has a total body water content of approximately what percentage of body weight?

Accepted Answer

60%

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

What does the term 'hydrophilic' mean in the context of cell biology?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that dissolves in water

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 7

During aerobic respiration, how many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$32$$

Question 8

Which step in glucose oxidation directly uses oxygen ($$O_2$$)?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 9

If oxygen is not available, which process allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic fermentation

Question 10

Which of the following is produced during the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2$$, NADH, $$FADH_2$

Question 11

What is the overall chemical equation for aerobic glucose oxidation?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ ightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 12

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$

Question 13

Which process produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 14

Which of the following is true about bidirectional reactions in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They can proceed in both forward and reverse directions depending on cellular conditions

Question 15

Which of the following is a product of anaerobic glycolysis in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Question 16

If a person consumes 1800 kcal per day and each mole of ATP provides 7 kcal, approximately how many moles of ATP are consumed daily at rest?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1800}{7} \approx 257$$ moles

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

Question 18

Which process is directly inhibited when oxygen is unavailable, causing a backup in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT produced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

FADH$$_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions

Cellular Metabolism and Energy Production in Human Physiology

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