Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues?

Accepted Answer

It provides a medium for the diffusion of nutrients and waste between blood and cells.

Question 2

A researcher is studying a tissue that is avascular, forms protective barriers, and is classified by the number of cell layers and cell shape. Which tissue type is being studied?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the plasma membrane's role in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an active barrier, selectively controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 4

A patient has a genetic defect affecting their desmosomes. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability of epithelial cells to resist mechanical stress

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions between epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They hold cells closely together to prevent the movement of macromolecules between them.

Question 6

A tissue sample is composed of a single layer of flat cells with centrally located nuclei, adapted for rapid diffusion. Where is this tissue most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Lining the alveoli of the lungs

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the glycocalyx is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of sugars attached to lipids and proteins, functioning in cell recognition.

Question 8

A scientist observes a tissue with multiple layers of cube-shaped cells. Which term best describes this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the rate of diffusion ($$J$$), surface area ($$A$$), concentration gradient ($$\Delta C$$), and membrane thickness ($$d) $$across an epithelial layer?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D \cdot \frac{A}{d} \cdot \Delta C$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of simple columnar epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Absorption and secretion in the digestive tract

Question 11

A mutation causes a loss of function in gap junctions in cardiac muscle. What is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired electrical communication between cardiac cells

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissues are avascular?

Accepted Answer

They rely on diffusion of nutrients from underlying connective tissue.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It consists of multiple layers of flat cells, providing protection against abrasion.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of integral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They span the membrane and are involved in transport and cell communication.

Question 15

A tissue sample is found to have cells that appear layered due to nuclei at different heights, but all cells touch the basement membrane. What is the most likely type of epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the basal surface of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the epithelium to underlying connective tissue.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why simple epithelia cannot have many layers?

Accepted Answer

They are limited by diffusion, as nutrients cannot reach cells far from the basement membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It allows the immune system to recognize 'self' versus 'non-self' cells.

Question 19

A patient with a burn injury loses the protective function of their skin. Which type of epithelial tissue is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are loosely attached to the membrane surface and often function as enzymes or in cell signaling.

Cellular Organization, Membranes, and Epithelial Tissues: Study Notes

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