Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solute molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 2

During facilitated diffusion, which cellular component is primarily responsible for allowing substances to pass through the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Membrane proteins

Question 3

Which step in protein synthesis involves the creation of a complementary mRNA strand from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 4

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon sequence

Question 5

A mutation in the melanocortin-1 receptor gene leads to which observable trait?

Accepted Answer

Freckles instead of an even tan

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net movement of molecules during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 7

If a cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm, what process will occur?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome reads the mRNA and synthesizes a polypeptide

Question 9

During translation, what is the significance of the start codon AUG?

Accepted Answer

It signals the ribosome to begin synthesizing the polypeptide chain

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why DNA must be transcribed into mRNA before protein synthesis can occur?

Accepted Answer

DNA cannot leave the nucleus, but mRNA can enter the cytoplasm where ribosomes are located

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for forming peptide bonds between amino acids during translation?

Accepted Answer

Peptidyl transferase

Question 12

A cell is synthesizing a protein. Which sequence of events correctly describes the flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

DNA → mRNA → protein

Question 13

Which of the following is a posttranslational modification?

Accepted Answer

Folding and chemical modification of a polypeptide after translation

Question 14

If a mutation changes the nucleotide sequence of a gene, what is the most likely direct effect?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid sequence of the protein may be altered

Question 15

Which type of RNA contains the anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 16

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Which cellular process will be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Translation of mRNA into protein

Question 17

Which of the following amino acids is correctly matched with its abbreviation?

Accepted Answer

Leucine - Leu

Question 18

In a scenario where a cell is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, which gene variant would most likely result in the development of freckles?

Accepted Answer

A melanocortin-1 receptor variant that responds weakly to UV radiation

Question 19

Which process is responsible for splicing out certain parts of the mRNA transcript before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

RNA processing

Question 20

A scientist measures the rate of diffusion of a solute across a membrane. Which variable, if increased, would most likely increase the rate according to Fick's Law?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the concentration gradient $$\Delta C$$

The Cell III

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드