Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)} $$

Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{Pi} + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)} $$

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase

Question 4

In the electron transport chain (ETC), what is the final electron acceptor, and what is produced as a result?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen; water ($$ \mathrm{H_2O} )$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It produces less ATP per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration.

Question 6

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue after intense exercise. Which product of anaerobic respiration is most likely accumulating in their muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 7

Which molecule links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle by transporting a two-carbon group into the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 8

How many NADH molecules are produced per glucose molecule during the Krebs cycle (considering both turns for one glucose)?

Accepted Answer

6 NADH

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct function of ATP in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining ion gradients via the sodium-potassium pump

Question 10

In alcoholic fermentation, which products are formed from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ethanol, 2 CO$$_2$$, and 2 ATP

Question 11

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 12

What is the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron acceptor, becoming reduced to NADH.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{Pi} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 14

Which organ relies heavily on ATP for neurotransmitter synthesis and maintenance of membrane potentials?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Question 15

During intense exercise, why do muscle cells switch to lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen supply cannot meet energy demand, so cells regenerate NAD$$^+ to $$allow glycolysis to continue.

Question 16

Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Krebs cycle to allow the cycle to continue?

Accepted Answer

Oxaloacetate

Question 17

A defect in the electron transport chain prevents protons from being pumped into the intermembrane space. What is the most immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis is impaired

Question 18

Which of the following is a waste product of the Krebs cycle that must be removed from the body to maintain acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$ \mathrm{CO_2$} )$$

Question 19

In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why anaerobic respiration is important in certain microorganisms living in oxygen-poor environments?

Accepted Answer

It allows energy production using alternative electron acceptors, supporting metabolism and nutrient cycling.

Cellular Respiration and Organ Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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