Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are considered the smallest living unit in the body?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the smallest structures capable of carrying out all life processes independently.

Question 2

A patient is treated with colchicine, a drug that targets microtubules. What cellular process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division (mitosis)

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is typically single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

Question 4

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions between cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells.

Question 8

Which tissue type is characterized by having cells embedded in a ground substance and is responsible for support and protection?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 9

Which cell type is responsible for producing dense irregular tissue such as cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocytes

Question 10

Air sacs in the lungs are lined with which type of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous

Question 11

Which of the following is considered a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 12

Which gland type releases its product directly into ducts?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine gland

Question 13

A patient presents with dry skin and decreased ability to sweat. Which gland is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 14

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 15

Which of the following statements about melanocytes is correct?

Accepted Answer

All humans have approximately the same number of melanocytes.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete a watery fluid for thermoregulation, while apocrine glands secrete a thicker fluid associated with scent.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

Question 18

If a mutation occurs in the gene coding for a protein involved in cell division, which phase of the cell cycle would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

M phase (mitosis)

Question 19

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between surface area ($$A) $$and volume ($$V) $$for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$ and V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 20

A biopsy of tissue reveals cells with large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of these cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Cellular Structure, Tissue Types, and Glands: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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