Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures and decreases it at high temperatures.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered an extracellular material?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged in size.

Question 6

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$using van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iCRT$$

Question 8

A cell uses receptor-mediated endocytosis to import cholesterol. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Vesicular transport

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It plays a role in cell recognition and adhesion.

Question 10

Which scenario best illustrates facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose moving into a cell via a carrier protein down its concentration gradient.

Question 11

Which cell junction is most important for preventing leakage of extracellular fluid between epithelial cells in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 12

Which of the following is a type of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-glucose symport

Question 13

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water loss.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs large particles or microorganisms using vesicles.

Question 15

Which part of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 16

A patient with severe dehydration has increased plasma osmolarity. What effect does this have on their cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink due to water efflux.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP for cellular energy

Question 18

Which equation best describes the rate of simple diffusion ($$J) $$across a membrane according to Fick's law?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of vesicular transport?

Accepted Answer

White blood cells engulfing bacteria during an infection

Question 20

Which cell junction provides the greatest mechanical strength to tissues such as skin?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Cellular Transport and Membrane Structure: Key Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology

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