Question 1

Which of the following best describes simple diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport of molecules down their electrochemical gradient without the use of energy

Question 2

Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Concentration of ATP in the cytoplasm

Question 3

A solution contains 0.1 mole of NaCl dissolved in 1 liter of water. What is its osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$0.2~	ext{osmolar}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 5

If a cell is placed in a hyperosmotic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink due to water efflux.

Question 6

Which equation correctly relates osmotic pressure ($$\pi) to $$osmolarity ($$C$$), temperature ($$T$$), and the gas constant ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\pi = RTC$$

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the movement of K$$^+ or Cl$^-$$ ions through channels in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It leads to hyperpolarization or stabilization of the membrane potential ($$V_m).$$

Question 8

A solution contains 0.1 mole of glucose in 1 liter of water. What is its osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$0.1~	ext{osmolar}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires carrier proteins but no energy, while active transport requires both carrier proteins and energy.

Question 10

If two solutions are isoosmotic, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have equal solute concentrations and the same $$[H_2O].$$

Question 11

Which of the following would increase the rate of simple diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the magnitude of the concentration gradient

Question 12

A cell is placed in a hypoosmotic solution. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct definition of osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

The total particle concentration of a solution, measured in osmoles per liter

Question 14

Which of the following statements about water transport across membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water moves passively down its concentration gradient.

Question 15

If a solution contains 0.1 mole of CaCl$$_2 in 1 $$liter of water, what is its osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$0.3~	ext{osmolar}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

Which of the following would result in hyperpolarization of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Opening of K$$^+ or Cl$^-$$ channels

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why glucose has a lower osmolarity than NaCl at the same molar concentration?

Accepted Answer

NaCl dissociates into two particles, while glucose does not dissociate.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct relationship between osmotic pressure and solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure increases as solute concentration increases.

Cellular Transport Mechanisms and Osmolarity in Physiology

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