Question 1

Which two main components make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

The CNS functions primarily as the ______ center for the human body.

Accepted Answer

control

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major region of the adult brain?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Question 4

A patient has a tumor in the diencephalon. Which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Processing of sensory information and regulation of homeostasis

Question 5

During embryonic development, the prosencephalon gives rise to which two mature brain structures?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum and diencephalon

Question 6

Which statement best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies, while white matter contains myelinated axons.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why white matter is important in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

It is optimized for transferring signals rapidly throughout the CNS.

Question 8

A stroke damages the brainstem. Which of the following functions is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of heart rate and breathing

Question 9

Which region of the brain is located superior to the brainstem and anterior to the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Diencephalon

Question 10

If a patient has damage to the cerebellum, which of the following symptoms would you most likely observe?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with balance and coordination

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

It is the outer layer of gray matter involved in higher-order thinking and decision making.

Question 12

Which embryonic brain vesicle develops into the midbrain in the mature brain?

Accepted Answer

Mesencephalon

Question 13

A researcher is studying the transfer of signals between the brain and the spinal cord. Which structure is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Brainstem

Question 14

Which of the following statements about cortical areas of the brain is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cortical areas are found around the outer edge (or surface) of the brain.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the neural tube and the CNS during development?

Accepted Answer

The neural tube becomes the central nervous system.

Question 16

A patient is unable to coordinate their skeletal muscles to catch and throw a ball. Which part of the CNS is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of homeostasis and processing of sensory information

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why gray matter is important in the brain?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for decision-making processes.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of white and gray matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

White matter surrounds an inner core of gray matter.

Question 20

A patient is having trouble remembering answers to anatomy and physiology questions. Which part of the CNS is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Central Nervous System: Structure, Development, and Organization

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