Question 1

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the left precentral gyrus. Which of the following deficits is most likely to result from this injury?

Accepted Answer

Impaired voluntary movement on the right side of the body

Question 2

Which structure is primarily responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex and plays a key role in arousal and memory?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 3

A patient presents with fluent but nonsensical speech and is unable to comprehend language. Which brain region is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinates movement and balance by comparing intended movement with sensory feedback

Question 5

A lumbar puncture (LP) is commonly performed at the L4–L5 vertebral level. What is the main reason for choosing this site?

Accepted Answer

To avoid damaging the spinal cord, which ends near L1–L2

Question 6

Which of the following pathways carries fine touch and proprioceptive information from the upper body to the sensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cuneatus tract

Question 7

A patient is unable to form new long-term memories after a head injury, but can recall events from before the injury. What type of amnesia is this?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for the brain?

Accepted Answer

It offers buoyancy, cushioning, chemical stability, and nourishment

Question 9

A patient with damage to the basal nuclei is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled or unwanted movements

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the organization of the spinal cord is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal roots carry sensory information into the spinal cord

Question 11

A patient with a lesion in the right posterior association area of the cortex is most likely to have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing faces and spatial relationships

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus → ventricles → subarachnoid space → arachnoid granulations → venous sinuses

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of CSF flow, leading to accumulation in the ventricles

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses; white matter contains mostly myelinated axons

Question 15

A patient with a lesion in the left Broca's area would most likely present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Nonfluent, effortful speech with preserved comprehension

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

Accepted Answer

Supports alertness, consciousness, and filtering of sensory input

Question 17

A patient is unable to maintain balance and posture after a cerebellar stroke. Which of the following best explains the cerebellum's role in motor control?

Accepted Answer

It compares intended movement with sensory feedback to coordinate actions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the organization of ascending sensory pathways in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

They typically involve three neurons and decussate (cross) at some point

Question 19

A patient with a lesion affecting the internal capsule would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Widespread motor and sensory deficits due to disruption of projection fibers

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerve pairs ($$n$$), the number of cervical ($$c$$), thoracic ($$t$$), lumbar ($$l$$), sacral ($$s$$), and coccygeal ($$co) $$pairs?

Accepted Answer

$$n = c + t + l + s + co$$

Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathways

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