Question 1

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the meninges that protect the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness and loss of coordination. MRI reveals demyelination in the CNS. Which disease is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 3

Which layer of the meninges is closest to the brain tissue?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 4

The blood-brain barrier is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Limiting exposure of the CNS to blood-borne chemicals

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers; white matter contains myelinated axons

Question 6

A stroke affecting the right cerebral hemisphere would most likely impair which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Artistic and musical abilities

Question 7

Which brain region is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis by controlling autonomic functions?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 8

If the substantia nigra in the midbrain degenerates, which disease is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating skeletal muscle movements

Question 10

A patient with bacterial meningitis is most likely to have inflammation in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of neurons in the cerebellum ($$N_{cerebellum}) $$and the total number of neurons in the brain ($$N_{total}$$), given that the cerebellum contains 50% of the brain's neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{cerebellum} = 0.5 N_{total}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

They provide nutrients and cushion the brain via cerebrospinal fluid

Question 13

Damage to the medulla oblongata would most likely result in impairment of which function?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic regulation of heart rate and breathing

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the spinal cord does not grow after about 4 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Neural tissue loses its ability to divide and elongate

Question 15

Which root of the spinal cord carries sensory information into the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal (posterior) root

Question 16

A patient is unable to identify familiar objects by touch, but can recognize them by sight. Which lobe of the cerebrum is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerves ($$N_{spinal}) $$and the number of vertebrae ($$N_{vertebrae}$$), given that spinal nerves extend between each pair of vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{spinal} = N_{vertebrae} - 1$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a common test used to confirm meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the destruction of myelin in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Disrupted and slowed transmission of signals

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of heart rate

Central Nervous System: Structure, Protection, and Disorders

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