Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Storing and releasing calcium for bone remodeling

Question 2

Which structural element is common to all muscle cells and is responsible for their ability to contract?

Accepted Answer

Presence of myofibrils composed of actin and myosin filaments

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the regulatory proteins of the sarcomere. Which proteins are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Troponin and tropomyosin

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the sliding-filament mechanism of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Thin filaments slide past thick filaments, shortening the sarcomere without changing the length of the filaments

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the generation of the resting membrane potential in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 6

During the contraction cycle, which event immediately follows the binding of ATP to the myosin head?

Accepted Answer

The myosin head detaches from actin

Question 7

A muscle fiber is stimulated at a high frequency, resulting in a sustained contraction without relaxation. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Fused (complete) tetanus

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why type I muscle fibers are more resistant to fatigue than type II fibers?

Accepted Answer

Type I fibers have more mitochondria and rely primarily on aerobic respiration

Question 9

Which immediate energy source is used by skeletal muscle fibers during the first few seconds of intense activity?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Question 10

A patient presents with muscle weakness after repeated stimulation. Which factor is LEAST likely to contribute to muscular fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Increased availability of ATP

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates, allowing coordinated contraction

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the events at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate, triggering an action potential in the muscle fiber

Question 13

Which of the following best explains how muscle tone is maintained in skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Continuous, asynchronous activation of small numbers of motor units

Question 14

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle changes length while the tension remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contraction

Question 15

During endurance training, which adaptation is most likely to occur in skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Increased mitochondrial density

Question 16

Which of the following correctly compares cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs; smooth muscle does not

Question 17

Which process is unique to smooth muscle contraction compared to skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to calmodulin instead of troponin

Question 18

A muscle fiber at rest has a higher concentration of which ion inside the cell compared to outside?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$K^+)$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between sarcomere length and tension production?

Accepted Answer

Maximum tension is produced when there is optimal overlap between thick and thin filaments

Question 20

Which metabolic pathway provides the greatest yield of ATP per glucose molecule for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration (oxidative phosphorylation)

Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue and Physiology – Study Notes

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