Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 68%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining blood osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

During the process of erythropoiesis, which cell type is released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream before maturing into a red blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Reticulocyte

Question 5

A blood sample is taken from the median cubital vein rather than an artery because:

Accepted Answer

Veins are closer to the surface and have less pressure

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Accepted Answer

Increases RBC precursor development

Question 7

A patient with sickle-cell anemia is less susceptible to malaria because:

Accepted Answer

Their RBC membranes leak K+, which kills the malaria parasite

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the formation of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombinase → Thrombin → Fibrin

Question 9

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 10

A patient with hemolytic disease of the newborn is most likely to have which combination of maternal and fetal Rh blood types?

Accepted Answer

Mother Rh-, Fetus Rh+

Question 11

Which of the following white blood cells is most likely to increase in number during a parasitic infection?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 12

Which of the following statements about platelets is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes

Question 13

A patient with a low reticulocyte count and anemia is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow failure

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin} + \mathrm{Thrombinase} + \mathrm{Ca}^{2+} \rightarrow \mathrm{Thrombin}$$

Question 15

Which blood type is considered the universal donor and why?

Accepted Answer

Type O, because it has no antigens on its cells

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of thromboxane A2 released during platelet plug formation?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction and activation of additional platelets

Question 17

A patient is given warfarin (Coumadin) after surgery. What is the primary mechanism by which this drug prevents clot formation?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why only 2% of total WBC population is found in circulating blood at any given time?

Accepted Answer

Most WBCs reside in lymphatic fluid, skin, lungs, lymph nodes, and spleen

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of events in platelet plug formation?

Accepted Answer

(1) Platelet adhesion, (2) Platelet release reaction, (3) Platelet aggregation

Question 20

A patient with leukemia is most likely to have which of the following findings?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled production of immature leukocytes crowding out normal bone marrow cells

Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System – Blood

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