$$ \text{Mass Number} = \text{Number of Protons} + \text{Number of Neutrons} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures are physically combined and separable, while compounds are chemically bonded and homogeneous.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioisotope for cancer treatment. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

They decompose to more stable forms by emitting alpha, beta, or gamma rays.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Mass Number} = 	ext{Number of Protons} + 	ext{Number of Neutrons} $$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a nonpolar molecule and does not participate in chemical reactions.

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$ 1 	imes 10$$^{-6}$$ $$ moles per liter. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$ 6 $$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are effective biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They combine with reactants and hold them in the proper position to interact, decreasing activation energy.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of ATP’s role in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and transfers it to energy-consuming reactions.

Question 8

A molecule of glucose ($$ C_6H_{12}O_6$ ) is $$broken down in a catabolic reaction. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 9

Which of the following statements about proteins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are denatured by extremes of temperature or pH, losing their functional shape.

Question 10

Which of the following is a property of phospholipids that is essential for their function in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have both polar and nonpolar regions, allowing them to form bilayers.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA specifies protein structure and replicates itself, while RNA carries out DNA’s instructions for protein synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH of blood?

Accepted Answer

Normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Lipids insulate body organs, build cell membranes, and provide stored energy.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the complete transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are the major energy fuel for forming ATP.

Question 16

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.0. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of salts in the body?

Accepted Answer

Salts are ionic compounds that dissolve in water and act as electrolytes.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

Buffers help prevent excessive changes in the pH of body fluids.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A hydrogen bond is a weak bond formed between a hydrogen atom covalently linked to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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