Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioactive isotope during a PET scan. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this type of diagnostic imaging?

Accepted Answer

They emit subatomic particles and energy that can be detected by imaging equipment.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about mixtures and compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures do not involve chemical bonding between components, while compounds do.

Question 4

A solution is prepared by dissolving 18 grams of water ($$H_2O) in $$enough solvent to make 1 liter of solution. What is the molarity ($$M) of $$water in this solution? (Molecular weight of $$H_2O = 18 g/$$mol)

Accepted Answer

$$1\ M$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water ($$H_2O) is $$considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative, so electrons spend more time near the oxygen atom, creating a partial negative charge at the oxygen end and a partial positive charge at the hydrogen end.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy

Question 7

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$loses one electron to become $$Na^+. $$What type of chemical bond is most likely to form between $$Na^+$$ and $$Cl^-$$?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions within the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Rule of Octet as it applies to chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are stable when they have 8 electrons in their valence shell, except for hydrogen and helium, which are stable with 2.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a condition caused by exposure to radon gas, a radioactive element. Which of the following is a potential health risk associated with radon exposure?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of lung cancer among non-smokers

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom of another molecule

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of a colloid (emulsion) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm of a cell

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in the body are considered inefficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat, which is partly unusable.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration, where glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

Question 15

A solution contains 10 grams of salt dissolved in 90 grams of water. What is the percent concentration of salt in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A compound is a molecule that contains two or more different elements bonded together.

Question 17

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why noble gases such as neon ($$Ne) $$are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

They have a full complement of electrons in their outermost shell, making them stable and unreactive.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 20

A patient has a blood glucose level of 80 mg/dL. How many grams of glucose are present in 1 liter of this patient's blood?

Accepted Answer

$$8\ g$$

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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