Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, while a compound is formed when two or more atoms from different elements combine by chemical bonding.

Question 2

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Mass number: 12

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen in water has a higher electronegativity, causing electrons to be pulled closer to it, resulting in partial charges on the molecule.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log[H^+]$$

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up the reaction without being altered themselves.

Question 7

Which of the following mixtures is best described as having large, unevenly distributed particles that will settle out when left undisturbed?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 8

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

Which of the following is a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy because ADP is more stable than ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why blood forms droplets due to surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules create surface tension, causing blood to form droplets.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reactant loses electrons and is oxidized, while another reactant gains electrons and is reduced.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the linking together of more than one polypeptide chain in a specific arrangement.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of two strands that twist around each other to form a double helix.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the periodic table and elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The human body is made up of four major elements, seven mineral elements, and trace elements.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer system resists changes in pH by neutralizing added acids or bases.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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