$$\text{Mass Number} = \text{Number of Protons} + \text{Number of Neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, while potential energy is stored energy due to position or structure.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle contractions. Which form of energy is primarily responsible for this physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical energy

Question 3

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 4

If an atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 8, Mass number: 16

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing it to interact with and dissolve ionic and polar substances.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 7

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions within the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, lowering the activation energy and speeding up reactions.

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 5.5. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic.

Question 11

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of mass number for an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass Number} = 	ext{Number of Protons} + 	ext{Number of Neutrons}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and insulation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol + 2 Fatty Acids + Phosphate group

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a major element found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon and are typically found in living organisms, while inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of DNA bases?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Question 17

Which of the following is the primary usable energy source for cellular function?

Accepted Answer

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Question 18

A patient is brought to the ER in diabetic ketoacidosis. Which chemical property of blood is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An electrostatic bond between polar molecules, such as between water molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catalyst (enzyme)

Chapter 2: Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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