Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance composed of only one type of atom, while a compound contains molecules made of more than one element.

Question 2

A radioactive isotope is used in nuclear medicine to evaluate thyroid function. Which property makes it suitable for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

It emits radiation that can be detected, allowing visualization of organ activity.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why ionic compounds dissolve easily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to surround and separate oppositely charged ions.

Question 4

A patient is given a buffer solution to stabilize their blood pH. What is the primary function of a buffer in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

To absorb excess acids or bases and maintain a relatively stable pH.

Question 5

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down large organic molecules into smaller subunits in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 6

A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is classified as which type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 7

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form stable double layers (bilayers) in water due to their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the phospholipid tails in cellular membranes.

Question 9

A protein is denatured by high temperature. Which structural feature is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The folded shape maintained by weak hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the lock-and-key model of enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

Each enzyme fits a particular molecule (substrate) like a key fits into a lock.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA uses deoxyribose as its sugar, while RNA uses ribose.

Question 12

A solution has a pH of 5. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in the body?

Accepted Answer

Water can dissolve a wide variety of solutes due to its polarity.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules always contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds.

Question 15

A patient has a blood pH of 7.4. What does this indicate about their blood?

Accepted Answer

It is slightly basic, which is normal for human blood.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A chemical reaction in which water is removed from small molecules to form a larger molecule.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a modified nucleotide used to transfer energy from nutrients to cellular processes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about ions?

Accepted Answer

An anion has gained electrons and has a negative charge.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

They store energy for later use.

Question 20

A molecule is composed of one glycerol unit and three fatty acids. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride

Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life – Chemical Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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