Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They recognize specific-shaped molecules on pathogens and trigger immune responses.

Question 2

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion and develops a severe reaction. Which type of hypersensitivity is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic (Type II) hypersensitivity

Question 3

Which antibody class is most effective at agglutinating pathogens and is the first antibody released during a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells (CD4+)?

Accepted Answer

Activate B cells and other T cells by releasing cytokines

Question 5

A child is born with a genetic defect resulting in a marked deficit of both B and T cells. Which condition does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during infection?

Accepted Answer

It increases the metabolic rate, enhancing tissue repair and immune cell activity.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results from exposure to antigen and leads to memory cell formation.

Question 8

A patient develops muscle weakness due to antibodies attacking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

An autoimmune disease

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes engulf pathogens, forming a phagosome that fuses with a lysosome for digestion.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key feature of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It is a group of plasma proteins that, when activated, can lyse pathogens and amplify inflammation.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for infections and cancer?

Accepted Answer

They receive immunosuppressive therapy that reduces immune surveillance.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocyte mobilization during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis → Margination → Diapedesis → Chemotaxis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC proteins in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They present antigen fragments on cell surfaces for recognition by T cells.

Question 14

A person is exposed to poison ivy and develops a skin rash 2 days later. Which type of hypersensitivity is this?

Accepted Answer

Delayed (Type IV) hypersensitivity

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T cells?

Accepted Answer

Dampen immune responses and help prevent autoimmunity

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why vaccines are effective in preventing infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

They expose the immune system to antigenic determinants, leading to memory cell formation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about antigenic determinants?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic determinants are the parts of an antigen that antibodies or lymphocyte receptors bind to.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?

Accepted Answer

They release perforins and granzymes to induce apoptosis in target cells.

Question 19

A patient receives an injection of gamma globulin after exposure to hepatitis A. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why autoimmune diseases occur?

Accepted Answer

The immune system fails to recognize self-antigens and attacks the body’s own tissues.

Chapter 21: The Immune System – Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제